Edge Computing

5 automated security scanners

Edge Update Mechanisms

Purpose: The Edge Update Mechanisms Scanner is designed to identify and assess potential security vulnerabilities and rollback protection issues within edge computing environments. By examining DNS records, HTTP headers, TLS configurations, and port services, this scanner aims to ensure that updates are handled securely and systems can effectively recover from malicious alterations.

What It Detects:

Security Headers Analysis: The scanner checks for the presence of critical security headers such as Strict-Transport-Security, Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
TLS Configuration Issues: It identifies outdated or insecure TLS versions (e.g., TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1) and detects weak cipher suites and protocols like RC4, DES, and MD5.
DNS Record Validation: This includes validating SPF records for proper email sending authorization, checking DMARC policies against SPF settings, and verifying DKIM records for domain key authentication.
Port Scanning and Service Fingerprinting: The scanner scans common ports to identify open services and performs service fingerprinting to determine the software running on each port.
API Endpoint Security: It analyzes API endpoints for security headers and potential vulnerabilities, checks for proper redirection handling, and ensures content integrity.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): The primary domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com).
ip_range (string): The IP range to scan for open ports and services (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).

Business Impact: Ensuring secure handling of edge computing environment updates is crucial as it directly impacts the integrity and availability of critical systems. Poor security practices in update mechanisms can lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and system unavailability, significantly impacting business operations and trust.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Conditions that would result in a critical severity finding include identifying outdated or insecure TLS versions (e.g., using TLSv1.0 or TLSv1.1) or the presence of weak cipher suites like RC4, DES, and MD5.
High: A high risk level is associated with missing or improperly configured security headers such as Strict-Transport-Security, which can lead to data interception vulnerabilities.
Medium: Medium severity findings pertain to misalignments in DNS records (e.g., discrepancies between SPF and DMARC settings) that might affect email sending authorization and domain authentication.
Low: Low severity issues involve minor misconfigurations or informational findings related to the presence of security headers but without significant impact on security posture.
Info: Informational findings include the detection of modern TLS versions (TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3) and more robust cipher suites that do not compromise security significantly but are recommended for enhanced protection.

Example Findings:

A critical finding might be identified if a domain uses outdated TLS version TLSv1.0 with weak cipher suite RC4 in its configuration.
A high risk level could be attributed to a website lacking the Strict-Transport-Security header, making it susceptible to protocol downgrade attacks and data interception via non-encrypted HTTP traffic.

Edge Authentication

Purpose: The Edge Authentication Scanner is designed to identify and report weaknesses in authentication mechanisms, certificate issues, outdated protocols, insecure cipher suites, misconfigured DNS records, open ports, and services that could lead to unauthorized access or data breaches.

What It Detects:

Weak Security Headers: Checks for missing or improperly configured security headers such as Strict-Transport-Security, Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
Outdated TLS/SSL Protocols: Identifies the use of outdated TLS/SSL protocols like TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1 which are vulnerable to attacks.
Insecure Cipher Suites: Detects the use of weak cipher suites such as RC4, DES, and those using MD5 hashing, which can be exploited by attackers.
DNS Record Vulnerabilities: Analyzes DNS records for potential misconfigurations or missing security-related records like SPF (v=spf1.*[+\-~?]all), DMARC (v=DMARC1.*p=(none|quarantine|reject)), and DKIM (v=DKIM1).
Open Ports and Services: Scans for open ports and performs service fingerprinting to identify unauthorized services or misconfigurations that could be exploited.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): The domain to scan for authentication and certificate issues.
ip_range (string): The IP range to perform port scanning on.

Business Impact: This scanner is crucial for organizations aiming to maintain a secure digital environment, as weak authentication mechanisms and insecure configurations can lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and significant financial losses due to compromised sensitive information.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Conditions that directly lead to complete system compromise or exposure of highly sensitive data without any user interaction are considered critical.
High: Conditions that significantly increase the risk of unauthorized access or data leakage with minimal effort from an attacker are classified as high.
Medium: Conditions that may allow limited unauthorized access or some degree of data exposure, requiring moderate effort for exploitation, are categorized as medium.
Low: Informational findings that do not pose immediate risks but could be indicative of potential issues warranting attention include misconfigurations in DNS records and outdated TLS versions.
Info: Conditions that provide minimal risk and mostly serve as informational indicators about the current state of security practices without imminent threats are considered informational.

Example Findings:

A domain is found to have missing Strict-Transport-Security headers, which could lead to HTTP downgrade attacks where an attacker intercepts traffic and redirects it to a non-secure connection.
An IP range reveals open ports such as SSH (port 22) and HTTP (ports 80, 8080), indicating potential misconfigurations that can be exploited by unauthorized users for initial access into the network.

Edge Network Security

Purpose: The Edge Network Security Scanner is designed to identify and report potential network segmentation issues, lateral movement attempts, and filtering mechanisms within specified IP ranges. It performs a comprehensive analysis of DNS queries, HTTP requests, TLS/SSL configurations, and socket connections to detect security vulnerabilities and misconfigurations.

What This Scanner Detects:

Segmentation Issues: Identify misconfigured firewalls or routers that allow unauthorized access between network segments and detect open ports that should be closed based on segmentation policies.
Lateral Movement Attempts: Monitor for unusual traffic patterns indicating compromised hosts communicating with other internal systems.
Filtering Mechanisms: Analyze DNS queries to identify blocked or redirected domains and check HTTP requests for security headers that enforce filtering and content restrictions.
TLS/SSL Vulnerabilities: Inspect SSL/TLS certificates for outdated protocols, weak cipher suites, and deprecated cryptographic algorithms.
Service Fingerprinting: Perform socket connections to identify running services and their versions, detecting potential vulnerabilities in exposed services based on version information.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): Primary domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com)
ip_range (string): IP range to scan for network segmentation and lateral movement (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24)

Business Impact: This scanner is crucial for maintaining the security posture of networks by proactively identifying misconfigurations that could lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or other malicious activities. It helps in implementing robust network segmentation and ensuring compliance with security policies.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Conditions where there is a direct exposure to high-risk vulnerabilities that can be exploited for significant damage, such as open ports allowing unauthorized access or TLS/SSL configurations using outdated protocols and weak cipher suites.
High: Conditions involving significant risks but not critical, like misconfigured firewalls or routers that allow limited lateral movement within the network.
Medium: Conditions where vulnerabilities are present but less severe, such as detection of blocked domains in DNS queries or missing security headers in HTTP requests.
Low: Informal findings indicating minor issues, such as using deprecated cryptographic algorithms for TLS/SSL configurations.
Info: General information about the service versions detected during socket connections.

If specific risk levels are not mentioned in the README, they have been inferred based on the scanner’s purpose and impact.

Example Findings:

A misconfigured firewall allows unauthorized access between network segments through an open port 22 (SSH).
TLS/SSL configuration of a server uses outdated protocol TLSv1.0 with weak cipher suite RC4-SHA.

Edge Monitoring

Purpose: The Edge Monitoring Scanner is designed to identify detection gaps and visibility issues by directly probing infrastructure through DNS, HTTP, TLS, ports, and APIs. This ensures that critical security vulnerabilities related to configuration, outdated protocols, and missing headers are identified.

What It Detects:

Security Headers Analysis: Checks for the presence of essential security headers such as Strict-Transport-Security, Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
TLS/SSL Configuration Issues: Identifies outdated or insecure TLS versions (e.g., TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1) and detects weak cipher suites like RC4, DES, and MD5.
DNS Record Analysis: Validates SPF records for proper configuration, checks DMARC policies to ensure they are not set to none, and verifies the presence of DKIM records.
Port Scanning and Service Fingerprinting: Scans common ports to identify open services and attempts to fingerprint the services running on these ports.
API Security Assessment: Tests for security headers in API responses and checks for proper TLS configuration when accessing APIs.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): Primary domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com)
ip_range (string): IP range to scan for open ports and services (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24)

Business Impact: This scanner is crucial for maintaining a robust security posture by proactively identifying vulnerabilities in DNS, TLS configurations, and API communications that could be exploited by attackers. It helps organizations ensure compliance with security standards and improve their overall resilience against cyber threats.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Conditions where outdated or missing security headers are present, insecure TLS versions are used, or critical DNS records (SPF, DMARC, DKIM) are improperly configured.
High: Conditions where weak cipher suites are employed in TLS configurations or where open ports and services provide easy access points for attackers.
Medium: Conditions where some security headers are present but not all required ones are included, or where there is a risk of using outdated protocols without proper mitigation measures.
Low: Informal findings that do not significantly impact the overall security posture but may indicate potential issues worth monitoring.
Info: Findings that provide minimal to no immediate threat but can be useful for ongoing performance and compliance monitoring.

Example Findings:

A domain does not have Strict-Transport-Security headers, which could lead to unauthorized access via protocol downgrade attacks.
An API endpoint is accessible over HTTP without proper encryption, exposing sensitive data to interception risks.

Edge Device Hardening

Purpose: The Edge_Device_Hardening Scanner is designed to enhance the security posture of edge devices by detecting default configurations and unnecessary services that could expose them to vulnerabilities. This tool aims to identify potential risks such as misconfigured passwords, running unauthorized services, DNS misconfigurations, weak HTTP security headers, and outdated TLS/SSL protocols.

What It Detects:

Default Configuration Detection: Identifies default usernames and passwords in device configurations, which may lead to unauthorized access.
Unnecessary Services Identification: Scans for services running on edge devices that are not required for their intended function, potentially exposing them to attacks through open ports and services.
DNS Record Analysis: Examines DNS records for misconfigurations or missing security settings, ensuring proper configuration of DNSSEC to protect against spoofing attacks.
HTTP Security Headers Evaluation: Analyzes HTTP responses for the presence of essential security headers that help mitigate various web-based attacks.
TLS/SSL Inspection: Inspects SSL/TLS certificates for validity, expiration, and proper configuration, including checking for weak cipher suites and outdated protocol versions.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): The domain name of the edge device to be scanned (e.g., acme-edge.com).
ip_range (string): The IP address range to scan for open ports and services (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).

Business Impact: This scanner is crucial as it helps in identifying potential security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers, thereby safeguarding the integrity and confidentiality of edge devices and their data.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Conditions where default configurations or misconfigured passwords are detected, directly exposing the device to unauthorized access.
High: Presence of unnecessary services running on the device through open ports, which can be exploited by attackers.
Medium: DNS records with misconfigurations or missing security settings that could lead to spoofing attacks.
Low: Inadequate HTTP security headers that might not fully protect against web-based attacks.
Info: Outdated TLS/SSL protocols and weak cipher suites, which are less critical but still pose a potential risk if left unaddressed.

Example Findings:

A device running an SSH service with default username “root” and password “password”.
An edge device hosting Telnet on port 23 without any necessary function, exposing it to potential attacks.