Physical-Digital Systems

5 automated security scanners

Vehicle System Exploitation

Purpose: The Vehicle System Exploitation Scanner is designed to identify vulnerabilities in vehicle systems, focusing on CAN bus attacks, telematics weaknesses, and keyless entry bypasses. Its purpose is to ensure the security of automotive digital systems by detecting potential threats and weaknesses that could be exploited.

What It Detects:

CAN Bus Attack Indicators: Identify patterns indicative of CAN bus vulnerabilities such as “CAN bus attack,” “injection into CAN bus,” or “malicious traffic on CAN bus.” This includes detection of specific CAN bus protocols and potential exploitation techniques.
Telematics Vulnerability Patterns: Look for indicators of telematics system weaknesses like “telematics breach,” “unauthorized access to telematics data,” or “vulnerabilities in telematics systems.” It also identifies references to specific telematics components that may be exploited.
Keyless Entry Bypass Indicators: Search for patterns related to keyless entry system bypasses such as “keyless entry hack,” “bypassing keyless entry,” or “vulnerabilities in keyless entry systems.” This includes detection of specific technologies or methods used for bypassing keyless entry.
Security Policy and Compliance Indicators: Identify security policies related to vehicle systems including “vehicle security policy,” “incident response plan,” or “data protection measures.” It also looks for compliance certifications such as SOC 2, ISO 27001, or penetration testing results.
Vulnerability Assessment Patterns: Detect patterns indicating vulnerability assessments and scans performed on vehicle systems like “vulnerability scan of vehicle systems,” “penetration test results,” or “security assessment findings.”

Inputs Required:

domain (string): Primary domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com) - This is necessary for searching the company’s site for security disclosures related to vehicle vulnerabilities.
company_name (string): Company name for statement searching (e.g., “Acme Corporation”) - Used to search within the company’s website for relevant statements and policies concerning vehicle system security.

Business Impact: This scanner is crucial for maintaining the security of automotive digital systems, which are increasingly complex and interconnected. By identifying vulnerabilities such as CAN bus attacks, telematics breaches, and keyless entry hacks, the scanner helps prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information and potential cyber-attacks that could lead to significant financial losses or harm to vehicle users.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Conditions where there is evidence of a known exploit in progress or imminent threat to critical systems without mitigation.
High: Conditions indicating high risk, such as widespread vulnerabilities affecting multiple components or data breaches impacting sensitive information.
Medium: Conditions suggesting moderate risk, including potential weaknesses that could be exploited with some effort but are not immediately dangerous.
Low: Informal findings that do not pose an immediate threat but should still be addressed for overall system improvement and compliance.
Info: General security practices or minor issues that require attention but have minimal impact on the system’s functionality or security posture.

If specific risk levels are not specified in the README, these inferred levels can guide assessment of potential severity based on the nature of vehicle system vulnerabilities.

Example Findings: The scanner might flag a critical finding where a CAN bus attack pattern is detected within technical documentation, indicating an immediate threat to the vehicle’s digital security. Another example could be identifying unauthorized access patterns in telematics data that suggests a high-risk breach scenario requiring urgent attention and mitigation strategies.

Physical Security System Bypass

Purpose:
The Physical Security System Bypass Scanner is designed to identify vulnerabilities in the integration of physical and digital security measures by detecting attempts to bypass alarm systems, blind sensors, and evade motion detection mechanisms. This helps in identifying potential weaknesses that could be exploited by unauthorized individuals.

What It Detects:

Alarm Bypass Indicators: The scanner looks for mentions of disabling or tampering with alarms, descriptions of bypassing security systems, reports of unauthorized access despite active alarms, and patterns indicating manual intervention to disable alarms.
Sensor Blinding Techniques: It checks for references to sensor obstruction or blinding, covering, damaging, or disabling sensors, and verifies reports of undetected breaches despite active sensors.
Motion Detection Evasion: The scanner detects mentions of evading motion detection systems, bypassing cameras or other motion detectors, and reports of undetected breaches.
Physical Access Control Bypass: It identifies unauthorized physical access through keycard systems, biometric scanners, or other access controls, and verifies reports of undetected breaches.
Security Documentation Gaps: The scanner tests for mentions of security policies and procedures related to physical security, compliance with standards like SOC 2 and ISO 27001, and penetration testing or vulnerability assessments.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): Primary domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com)
company_name (string): Company name for statement searching (e.g., “Acme Corporation”)

Business Impact:
This scanner is crucial as it helps in identifying potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by unauthorized individuals, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of organizations and ensuring compliance with established security standards and policies.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Findings indicating a complete lack of any physical or digital security measures.
High: Presence of methods to bypass critical security mechanisms without triggering alarms or alerts.
Medium: Gaps in documentation or incomplete implementation of security practices that could be exploited.
Low: Minor issues requiring minor adjustments to enhance overall security posture.
Info: Informative findings about existing policies and procedures related to physical security.

If the README doesn’t specify exact risk levels, infer them based on the scanner’s purpose and impact.

Example Findings:

“The company website mentions a manual override for alarms during maintenance windows, which could be exploited by an unauthorized individual.”
“A blog post discusses evasion techniques for motion detectors without mentioning any security protocols or alerts.”

Building Automation Exploitation

Purpose: The Building Automation Exploitation Scanner is designed to identify vulnerabilities in building management systems (BMS), HVAC control systems, and lighting systems by probing physical-digital interfaces for security weaknesses. It aims to uncover potential entry points that could be exploited to manipulate or compromise critical infrastructure.

What It Detects:

Security Headers Analysis: Checks the presence of essential security headers such as Strict-Transport-Security, Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options.
TLS/SSL Vulnerabilities: Identifies outdated or insecure TLS versions (e.g., TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1) and weak cipher suites (e.g., RC4, DES, MD5).
DNS Record Validation: Examines DNS records for security-related configurations such as SPF (v=spf1.*[+\-~?]all), DMARC (v=DMARC1.*p=(none|quarantine|reject)), and DKIM (v=DKIM1).
Port Scanning: Conducts port scanning to identify open ports that could indicate vulnerabilities in BMS, HVAC, or lighting systems.
API Endpoint Analysis: Inspects APIs for potential security issues such as unauthorized access points or insecure data handling.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): The domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com).
ip_range (string): The IP range to scan for open ports and services (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).

Business Impact: This scanner is crucial for maintaining the security of building management systems, ensuring that they are not vulnerable to attacks that could lead to data breaches or physical damage to infrastructure. It helps in identifying and mitigating potential risks associated with insecure network configurations and APIs.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Identifies outdated TLS versions or weak cipher suites that significantly increase the risk of security breaches.
High: Detects missing essential security headers, which can lead to unauthorized access and data leakage.
Medium: Indicates open ports on systems that could be exploited for various purposes, including remote code execution.
Low: Minor issues such as unrecognized DNS records or minor API vulnerabilities that do not pose a significant risk but should still be addressed.
Info: Provides informational findings about the presence of DKIM and DMARC policies, which are important for email security but may not directly affect system integrity.

Example Findings:

A critical vulnerability was found in the TLS configuration of example.com, allowing for the use of outdated TLSv1.0 and weak cipher suites that can be exploited to gain unauthorized access.
The DNS records for example.com lack SPF, DMARC, and DKIM policies, which are crucial for email security but were not configured properly, posing a risk of phishing attacks and data leakage.

Manufacturing System Tampering

Purpose: The Manufacturing System Tampering Scanner is designed to safeguard the integrity of a company’s physical-digital systems by detecting unauthorized alterations in production line processes and bypassing quality control measures. This tool analyzes essential components such as security policies, compliance certifications, and trust center information to ensure that all aspects of the organization’s operations are consistently secure and compliant with industry standards.

What It Detects:

Security Policy Indicators: Identifies the presence or absence of specific security policies including “security policy,” “incident response,” “data protection,” and “access control.”
Maturity Indicators: Checks for compliance certifications like SOC 2, ISO 27001, penetration testing, and vulnerability scanning.
Policy Review Patterns: Searches for patterns indicating thorough security reviews and assessments within the company’s documentation.
Trust Center Information: Analyzes trust center pages for detailed information on security measures, incident response procedures, and compliance status.
Public Policy Pages: Examines public policy pages for transparency regarding security practices, risk management strategies, and adherence to industry standards.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): Primary domain to analyze (e.g., acme.com). This input allows the scanner to target specific websites for analysis.
company_name (string): Company name for statement searching (e.g., “Acme Corporation”). This helps in identifying relevant documents and policies during the scanning process.

Business Impact: Maintaining robust physical-digital systems integrity is crucial for preventing unauthorized tampering, which can lead to significant disruptions in production processes and potential data breaches. This not only affects operational efficiency but also impacts customer trust and regulatory compliance.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Severe security policy violations or absence of critical policies that could directly compromise system integrity.
High: Lack of maturity indicators such as SOC 2 or ISO 27001 certification, which may lead to significant risks in data protection and incident response.
Medium: Inadequate documentation on security practices or incomplete penetration testing/vulnerability scanning results in gaps that could be exploited by malicious actors.
Low: Informal or partial compliance with basic security policies, potentially requiring further investigation for comprehensive risk assessment.
Info: General transparency and public information about the company’s security measures, which while not directly risky, contribute to a baseline level of trust and understanding among stakeholders.

Example Findings:

A detected absence of “security policy” in key sections like /security or /about/security, indicating potential gaps in foundational security practices.
Incomplete SOC 2 Type II certification on the /compliance page, which could be a critical issue for organizations heavily reliant on privacy and data handling standards.

Medical Device Interference

Purpose: The Medical Device Interference Scanner is designed to detect potential manipulation of patient monitoring systems, drug delivery mechanisms, and diagnostic equipment by analyzing company security documentation, public policy pages, trust center information, and compliance certifications. Its purpose is to ensure robust protection against unauthorized access or tampering through a thorough review of the organization’s security measures and adherence to industry standards.

What It Detects:

Security Policy Indicators: The scanner identifies comprehensive security policies that outline incident response plans and data protection measures, ensuring proper access control mechanisms are in place to safeguard sensitive information.
Maturity Indicators: It confirms compliance with SOC 2 and ISO 27001 standards through detailed reviews of trust center content and compliance certifications, evaluating practices such as penetration testing and vulnerability scanning.
Documentation Accessibility: The scanner assesses the availability and transparency of company security documentation across various digital platforms like the main site, trust centers, and legal sections to ensure adherence to industry best practices.

Inputs Required:

domain (string): Primary domain to analyze, providing a specific web address where the medical device’s security features are documented or accessible.
company_name (string): A unique identifier for the company, used in search queries to gather relevant policy statements and documentation related to its operations and compliance efforts.

Business Impact: Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures is crucial for maintaining trust with patients and regulatory bodies, reducing risks associated with unauthorized access or tampering that could lead to severe consequences such as patient safety issues or legal repercussions.

Risk Levels:

Critical: Identifies significant gaps in security policies, non-compliance with high-level standards like SOC 2 or ISO 27001, and lack of documented incident response plans.
High: Indicates deficiencies in data protection measures, incomplete access control mechanisms, or insufficient transparency in public policy pages.
Medium: Points to areas where practices such as penetration testing are lacking or there is inconsistency between stated policies and actual documentation.
Low: Involves minor discrepancies that do not significantly impact overall security posture but could be improved for enhanced protection.
Info: Provides informational findings on aspects of the scanner’s assessment that may not pose immediate risks but can serve as a baseline for future improvements in cybersecurity practices.

Example Findings:

The company lacks a comprehensive security policy, with no evidence found during the scan despite multiple paths being explored.
The organization claims ISO 27001 certification but does not provide clear documentation or proof of this compliance during the scanner’s evaluation process.